Computer Fundamental In Hindi
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CENTER
KEYBOARD
C.D. ROM DRIVE
MOUSE & KEY BOARD PORT
SERIAL PORT
DEL KEY:- del
INDIAN
EDUCATION
AFFILEATED BY
FUNDAMENTAL
Father Name
of Computer: - Charls Babbage.
Father Name
of Software: - Bill Gates.
First
Computer Name: - Abacus.
First
Electronic Machine Name: - Electronic tabulating machine
First IBM
Computer Name: - Eniac {1945}
Full Name
IBM: - International Business Machine.
Full Name of
ETM: - Electronic Tabulating Machine.
COMPUTER {lax.kd}
{Computer Is An Electronic Device Wich Can You Process
Of Anny Data.}
COMPUTER ‘kCn dh mRifÙk ySfVu Hkk”kk ds Comput ‘kCn ls gqbZ gSaAftldk ‘kkfCnd vFkZ leLr {ks= ds
dk;ksZ dks djuk gksrk gSaA blesa vkus okys izR;sd dsjsDVj blds dk;Z {ks= ls fy,
x;s gSaA blesa vkus okys ÁR;sd Character fuEufyf[kr gS %&
FULL NAME OF COMPUTER :-
C - CALCULATION x.kuk djuk
O – ORGNIZATION bDdBk djuk
M – MACHINE ;a=
P – PURPOSE mns’’;
U – USER Á;ksxdÙkkZ
T – TECNOLOGY rduhd
E – EDUCATION f’k{kk
R – RESULT ifj.kke
WHAT IS
COMPUTER ?
Computer ,d Electronic
Machine gSA
ftlds }kjk Data dh Processing dh tkrh gSA
DATA:- fdlh oLrq ds ckjs esa fdlh rF; ;k tkudjh dks Data dgrs gSaA
PROCESSING :
- fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks djus ds fy, tks ge rS;kjh
djrs gSaA og rS;kjh Processing dgykrh gSA
DATA
PROCESSING :- fdlh Hkh vO;ofLFkr rF; dks
O;ofLFkr djuk Data Processing dgykrk gSA
TYPES OF
DATA:- DATA rhu Ádkj ds gksrs gSA
(i)
NUMBER DATA
(ii)
TEXT DATA
(iii)
LOGICAL DATA
TYPES OF
DATA PROCESSING :-
There are
three types of data processing .
1.
Mind data processing
2.
By hand data Processing
3.
Electronic data processing
1.MIND
DATA PROCESSING :- fdlh Hkh fo”k; esa lqudj
ml ij fopkj djuk ,oa mfpr fu.kZ; ysuk Mind data processing
dgykrk gSA
2.BY HAND
DATA PROCESSING :- fdlh Hkh paper ij isu }kjk vius gkFkksa ls rS;kj dh x;h information
by hand data processing dgykrk gSA
3.ELECTRONIC
DATA PROCESSING:- fdlh Electronic
Machine }kjk dh x;h Processing,
Electronic Data Processing dgykrk gSA
IMPORTANCE
OF COMPUTER:- Computer dk ç;ksx cM+h cM+h
dEiuh;ksa esa eq[; #i ls osru dh x.kuk ]fglkc&fdrkc]Stock
inventory, Sales Accounting,i= O;ogkj ds lkFk
&lkFk fctyh dk fcy cukus ] jsyos vkj{k.k]f’k{kk o euksjatu ds lkFk
&lkFk gekjs vU; lHkh dk;ksZa dks vklkuh iwoZd de le; esa iwjk djrk gSA vr,o
vktdy Computer dh vko’;Drk c<+ x;h
gSaA
GENERATION OF COMPUTER :-
First
generation of computer in 1946 to 1959
Second
generation of computer in 1959 to 1965
Third
Generation of Computer in 1965 to 1970
Fourth
Generation of computer in 1970 to 1985
Fifth
Genraction of Computer in 1985 to Runing
HISTORY OF
COMPUTER:-loZÁFke dEI;wVj dk fuekZ.k
china
ds dqN fo}ku yksaxksa us fd;k FkkAtc vadks dk Hkh
Kku ugha Fkk ml le; ydM+h ds Frame esa ok;j esa eksafr;ksa
dks fijks dj mUgsa vkxs&ihNs f[kldk dj x.kuk djus dk dk;Z fd;k tkrk FkkAbl
i)fr dks Abacus dgk tkrk FkkAdqN le;
i’pkr~ tc vadksa dk Kku gks x;k rc Ýkal ds oSKkfud thÛchÛikLdy us ydM+h ds Ýse
esa yxs ok;j esa vadksa dks fijksdj mls vkxs&ihNs f[kldk dj x.kuk djus dk
dk;Z ‘kq# fd;sAblds ckn vaxzst oSKkfud pkYlZ cScst us Calculater dk fuekZ.k fd;k tks fdlh Hkh Numerical data ij ‘kh?kz xfr ls x.kuk djus dk dk;Z djus yxkA
1860 bZå esa
vesfjdk ds oSKkfud Mkå gkeZu gk;yksfjFk us pkYlZ cScst dh i)fr ij ,d ;a= dk
fuekZ.k fd;kA ml ;a= dk iz;ksx djds vesfjdk ds 5 fof’k”V yksxksa dk uke] mez]
irk bR;kfn fizaV fd;k ftlls bls iap dkMZ ds uke ls tkuk x;kA ;g gekjk igyk
fo|qr ls pyus okyk ;a= Fkk blfy, bls Electronic Tebulating Machine ds uke ls tkuk x;k A ckn es I.B.M. Company Eniac uked ;a= dk fuekZ.k fd;k ftl ij yksxks us dk;Z djds ik;k dh ;s
leLr {ks= ds dk;ksZ dks ljyrk iqoZd dj ldrk gSaA blfy, bls Comput uke ls lecksf/kr fd;k x;k tks ckn esa pydj f’k{kk txr es T;kns
iz;ksx gksus ds dkj.k E And R Add gksus ls Computer cu x;kA
Types Of
Computer%& vkdkj vkSj Ádkj ds
v/kkj ij dEI;wVj eq[; :Ik ls 4 Ádkj ds gksrs gSA tks fuEufyf[kr gS&
1 Main frame Computers
2 Mini Computers
3 Micro Computers
4 Supper Computers
1:- Main Frame
Computer%& Main Frame
Computer vkdkj esa cgqr cM+s gksrs
gSA vkSj dkQh txg ?ksjrs gSA bl ij ,d lkFk lSdM+ks yksx dk;Z dj ldrs gSA bl dh dher
cgqr T;kns gksrh gSA bl fy, bldk Á;ksx cM+h dEifu;ks ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA tks
bls [kjhn ldsaA
2:- Mini
Computer %&Mini
Computer vkdkj esa Main Frame
Computer NksVs gksrs gSA ijUrq bldh
rkdr Main Frame Computer ls T;kns de ugh gksrh gSaA
okLro es ;g dEI;qVj mu dEifu;ks ds fy, mi;ksxh gksrk gSA ftlds ikl dEI;wVj dk
cgqr vf/kd dk;Z gksrk gSAMain Frame Computer dh vis{kk bl
dEI;wVj dk ewY; de gksrk gSA bl dEI;wVj ij ,d lkFk 10 ls vf/kd ç;ksxdrkZ dk;Z
dj ldrs gSaA
3:- Micro
Computers:- 1980 ds ckn ds o”kksZa esa
dEI;wVj ds {ks= esa ,slh rduhd vkbZ] ftlls dEI;wVj dk vkdkj dkQh NksVk gks x;k
vkSj mldh xfr c<+ xbZ ftlls Micro Computer lkeus vk;k A
bl dEI;wVj dk ewY; vke yksxks ds igq¡p ds vUnj gksrk gSA ;g dEI;wVj ,d NksVs
Vscy ij vklkuh ds lkFk j[k ldrs gSA
4:- Super
Computers:- Super Computer vkdkj esa e/;e ,oe~ {kerk
dh n`f”V ls cgqr gh ‘kfDr’kkyh gksrs gSA
;g vdsys dbZ Main Frame Computer ds cjkcj
dk;Z dj ldrk gSaA bl dEI;wVj dk ewY; djksM+ks esa gksrk gSaA vesfjdk ] phu ]:l
] fczVsu bR;kfn ns’kksa ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjr esa Hkh ,d Super
Computer gS ftls ije 1000 ds uke ls
tkurs gSA
Types of
Computer for Calculation :-
x.kuk ds vk/kkj ij dEI;wVj eq[;r% rhu çdkj ds gksrs gS ] tks
fuEufyf[kr gS&
1- Digital
Computer
2- Analog
Computer
3- Hybrid
Computer
1:- Digital
Computer:- bl dEI;wVj dk ç;ksx Plus
Pointing ds dk;ksZa ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA
2:-
Analog Computer:- Analog Computer dk ç;ksx fdlh HkkSfrd çfØ;k dk ekWMy cuk dj ml çfØ;k dks
fujUrj lqpk: :i ls tkjh j[kus vkSj
funsZ’k nsus ds fy, gksrk gSA
bl çdkj ds dEI;wVj flQZ ç;ksx’kkyk rd gh lhfer gSA
3:- Hybrid
Computer:- bl dEI;wVj dk ç;ksx Digital
Computer, Analog Computer }kjk fd;s tkus okys leLr
dk;ksZ dks djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSaA
Main Parts
of Computer System :-
Computer fofHkUu ikVZ dk feyk&tqyk :i gS A tks ,d lkFk feydj ,d
dEiuh dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA buesa ls dqN Hkkx vR;Ur vko’;d gksrs gSaA ftuds fcuk
dEI;wVj ij dk;Z djuk vlEHko gSA ysfdu dqN Hkkx ,sls Hkh gSa] tks dEI;wVj ds
dk;Z Á.kkyh dks vkSj vf/kd n{k cuk nsrs gSaA vfrfjDr Hkkx yxkus ls vkSj vf/kd
dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA dEI;wVj ds eq[; Hkkx fuEufyf[kr gksrs gSa A
MONITOR
SYSTEM UNIT
MOUSE
CD ROM
HARD DISK
PRINTER
SPEAKER
SCANNER
THE SHAPE OF THE SYSTEM UNIT :-
System unit dk vkdkj eq[;r% nks çdkj dk gksrk gS&
1.
Desk top type
2.
Tower type
DESK TOP TYPE:-Desktop type system unit desk ij flat gksrk gSaA ,oa blds Åij Moniter j[k ds Á;ksx fd;k tkrk
gSaA
TOWER
TYPE:- Tower type
system unit dk;Z
{kerk esa Desktop type system fd Hkk¡fr gksrk gSAA ;g system desk ij Tower fd Hkk¡fr [kM+k jgrk gSaA
blfy, bls Tower
FRUNT OF
THE SYSTEM UNIT:-bl Hkkx esa fn[kus okys
fofHkUu vo;o vkSj muds Hkkx fuEufyf[kr gSaA
POWER SWITCH:-bldk Á;ksx pc ds fy, fctyh dks on ;k off djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSaA
RESTART
BUTTON:-bl
Button ds }kjk vki power supply cUn
fd;s fcuk computer dks nksckjk start dj ldrs gSaA
LEEDS:-System unit ds vxys iSuy esa dbZ rjg dh lqpd cfŸk;k¡ gksrh
gSaA ftlesa ikoj VcksZ ladsr ‘kkfey gSaA bu cfŸk;ksa dk Á;ksx ;g n’kkZus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSa fd D;k gkMZ fMLd, QykWih fMLd ;k C.D. Rom dk;Zjr gSa ;k ugh ?
FLOPHY
DISK DRIVE:-bldk Á;ksx Flophy disk ftls Diskette
Hkh dgk tkrk
gSaA CD esa tek MkVk dks i<+us ds fy, fd;k tkrk
gSaAflLVe ;wfuV esa ,d slot gksrk gSa ftlesa Flophy disk dks Mkyk tkrk gSa
BACK OF
THE SYSTEM UNIT:-Computer ds Back side esa Computer
ds vUnj Input and Output ds fy, part cuk gksrk gSa tks
fuEufyf[kr gksrs gSaaA
POWER IN:-bl Hkkx Á;ksx Computer System ds fy, cksMZ ls fc|qr lIykbZ Ánku djus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSaa ;g Hkkx Switch Mode Power
Supply ¿SMPSÀ dk gksrk gSaA ftlesa 220 cksYV lIykbZ Ánku dh tkrh gSaA
POWER OUT:-bl Hkkx dk Á;ksx moniter
ds fy, 220
cksYV ikoj lIykbZ ysus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSaA vkerkSj ij ;g dk;Z eq[; cksMZ ls
gh dj fy;k tkrk gSaA
USB PORT:-bl Hkkx dk Á;ksx vius computer system ls fÁUVj ds lkFk&lkFk vU; mi;ksxh gkMZos;j
tSls mobile ,chip writer ,bR;kfn tksM+us ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA
FAN
HOUSING:- SMPS ds vUnj vusd Ádkj ds fc|qrh;
dy iqtsZ yxs gksrs gSaA tks dk;Z ds nkSjku vR;f/kd m”ek mRlftZr djrs gSaA bUgs
Ba<k djus ds fy, System Unit ds fiNys Hkkx esa Fan Housing yxk gksrk gksrk gSaA
VIDEO & MONITER:-Computer System ls Moniter dks tksM+us ds fy, bl
Hkkx dk Á;ksx fd;k tkrk gSaA Moniter dks System Unit ls Out put ÁkIr gksrk gSaaA
IN SIDE
OF SYSTEM UNIT:-System Unit og efLr”d gSa tks Computer fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks djkus esa l{ke gksrk gSaA Computer ds vUnj lHkh part
yxs gksrs gSA
tks fdlh Hkh Program dk lapkyu djrs gSA vkids
}kjk input fd;s x;s fuZns’k dk ikyu djrs gSaA rFkk output ds :Ik esa ifj.kke ÁLrqr djrs gSaA system unit ds vUnj yxs gq, Hkkx fuEufyf[kr gksrs gSaA
1.
MOTHER BOARD:- Personal
Computer ds
lHkh Hkkx Fibreouse Glass ds cksMZ ij yxs gksrs gSaA
ftls Mother Board ij yxs /kkrq dh iryh
js[kk, ,d Component dh fiukas dks nqljs Component ds fiukas ls laEidZ LFkkfir djrh gSaA blh ls Computer ds vUnj Electronic
corrent dk ,d
LFkku ls nqljs LFkku ij Áokg gksrk gSA
2. CPU (CENTRAL
PROCESSING UNIT)
Micro Processing ;k C.P.U
Computer dk
eq[; HkkWx gksrk gSA ;g gekjs }kjk fn;s x;s lHkh funsZ’kkas dks rS;kj djus dk
dk;Z djrk gSA bls Computer dk Mind Hkh dgrs gSA
MATH CO
PROCESSING:- ;g lqfo/kk dqN ilZuy dEI;wVj
esa gksrh gSa A vkSj ;g lh0 ih0 ;w0 dks x.kfr; leL;kvks ls ‘kh?kz le/kku
djus esa lgk;rk iznku djrh gSa
RAM CHIPS {Random Access
Memory }:-
tc fdlh dEI;wVj ij dksbZ izksxzke ds funsZ’kksa vkSj muls
lEcaf/kr MkVk dks jSe esa lqjf{kr j[krk gSa A rkfd lh0ih0;w0 viuk dk;Z rst xfr
ls dj ldsa ] tc flLVe dks ge vkWQ djrs gSa A rks mles j[kh leLr MkVk lekIr gks
tkrh gSa A
EMPTY RAM
CHIP SLOT :- dEI;wVj dh
eseksjh dk foLrkj djus ds fy, bl Hkkx dk Á;ksx fd;k tkrk gSa A bles jSe dh
la[;k c<+kdj dEI;wVj dh dk;Z {kerk dks c<+k ldrs gSa A
FLOPPY DISK
DRIVE:- Floppy Disk Drive
dks
enjcksMZ ls tksM+us ds fy, enjcksMZ ij ,d Hkkx gksrk gSaA ,d eksVj bl Disk dks ?kqekrh gSa] vkSj ,d Read Wright Head , Disk ij ?kqekrh gSaA rkfd bl ij
ge fdlh M+kVk dks i<+ lds ;k ml Flophy Disk
Drive gekjs Comouter dh eq[; Stored Unit gSaA bleas
vkdM+ks ,oa Programs dh dkQh ek=k Hkjh gksrh
gSaA tc dEI;wVj dks can fd;k tkrk gSaA rks Hard Disk esa Store , Data
Ram dh rjg lekIr ugh gksrs
t#jr iM+us ij blesa Store Information rc rd ekStwn jgrs gSaA rc rd Hard Disk dks Formated
u fd;k tk;A
S.M.P.S.:-
{Switch Mode Power Supply } dEI;wVj ds lHkh Hkkx ds
lapkyu ds fy, Power dh vko’;Drk gksrh gSaA Flophy ,ao Hard
disk drive dks
12 volt dh vko’;Drk gksrh gSaA ;fn bls ?kjsyq fo|qr
ls direct 220 volt A.C.ls tksM+ fn;s tkrs gSa rks
lHkh Component ty tk;sxk A blfy, computer esa yxk Power
Supply Box bl
High Voltage dh Electric dks Low voltage
esa cnydj system dh leLr Hkkx dh {kerk ds vuq:Ik /kkjk Áokfgr djrk
gSaA
DISK DRIVE
CONTROL:- Mother Bord ls computer tks Hkh lqpuk LØhu dks Ánf’kZr djrk gSa og mldh memory esa gksrk gSaA
Display,Printer,Adapter,Printer esa lekutL; cuk;s j[krk gSaA Colour moniter ds lkFk VGA
card yxk
gksrk gSaA ;s lHkh Disk Drive Control gksrs gSaA
EXPENSION
SLOT:- ;s
irys ,oa yEcs Connecter Expension dkMksZ ds fy, Á;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSaA ftlls vki vius Computer ls vkSj vf/kd Ádkj ls dke
ys ldrs gSA
RAM CHIP:- Ram Chip dk iqjk uke (Random Access Memory) gksrk gSaA bl cheep ij fuZns’k Computer cqV djus esa gekjh enn
djrk gSa Electric supply cUn djus ij Hkh blesa Data lqjf{kr jgrs gSaA
CPU SUPPORT
CHEEP:- bldk
Á;ksx Computer Component ds fu;a=.k ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSaA
SPEAKER:- Speaker System Unit ds vUrZxr ekStqn fdlh /ofu dks Out put djus ds fy, use
fd;k tkrk
gSaaA
C.P.U:-Computer ds Unit esa xf.kfr; rFkk rkfdZd
vkdMks dh Processing gksrh gSaA vr% bls PC dk mind dgrs gSa bls micro processer Hkh dgrs gSaA Áksxzke ds :Ik esa fy[ks fuZns’k dk CPU ,d Øec/n rjhds ls fo’ys”k.k djrk gSa AvkSj blh ds }kjk PC dh leLr dk;Z Á.kkyh fu;af=r gksrh gSaA CPU dh ‘kfDr bl ckr ij fuZHkj djrh gSaaA fd blds dk;Z fdruh rhozrk
vkSj fcuk xyrh ds gksrs gSaa
SPEED OF
CPU:-CPU dh xrh dks esxk gVZ~t esa
ekirs gSaa Computer esa ,d clock gksrh gSaa tks ÁR;sd ?kVd ds le; dk ys[kk tks[kk j[krh gSaA ,d
gVZ~t dk vFkZ gSaA fd 1 lsdsa.M esa 10 yk[k iYl bl ;qfuV ds vk/kkj ge vius CPU ds speed dks Kkr dj ldrs gSaA
INPUT
UNIT:-bl unit ds }kjk ge computer esa Data
input dj ldrs
gSaA blds vUrjxr Á;ksx fd;s tkus okys device fuEufyf[kr gSA
KEY
BOARD:- Key Board ,d ,Slh Unit gSaA ftlds }kjk Computer
dks vko’;d
fuZns’k Ánku fd;s tkrs gSaA Computer dk Key Board Type
writer ds Key Board ls yxHkx feyrk tqyrk gksrk gSaaA ysfdu blesa fups
nh x;h dqN fuEufyf[kr Key gksrs gSaA
1.
Arrow rFkk nqljh lapkyu djus
okyh Keys (Home,PgUp,PgPn)
2.
Function Keys
(F1,F10,;k F1,F12)
3.
Text Editing Keys
(Back,Space,Del
4.
Modifier
(Shift,Ctrl,Alt)
5.
Enter Key
6.
dqN
vU; fo”ks’k Key (Print Screen,Scroll
Lock)
7.
LED Status
indicatior)
Key Board eq[;r% nks :iks esa feyrs
tqyrs gSa standerd & inhands blesa inhands key board vf/kd Ápfyr gSaA blesa dqN vfrfjDr Key gksrh gSaA bldh eq[; dh bl Ádkj gSaA
TYPE
WRITER KEY:-bl Key Board ij lekU;r% lQsn Key gksrh
gSaA blesa Alphabets Number vkSj vU; Punctutaion marks gksrs gSaA
FUCTION
KEY:-;s F1 ls F12 rd gksrh gSA vyx vyx softwere
ds vuqlkj
buls fofHkUu dk;Z fd, tkrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn vki DOS ij dk;Z dj jgs gSa rks vkids }kjk type dh xbZ vfUre command dks nksckjk type
djus ds fy,
vki F3 uked Key
dk Á;ksx djrs
gSaA
CARSOR
CONTROL KEY:-bu
ij ← ,→ ,↓ ,↑ds
fu’kku cus gksrs gSaAftUgs ge Left
,Right,Up,Down Arrow dgrs
gSA
Carsor key dks screen ij ck,]
nk,a] mij vkSj uhps ykus ys tkus ds fy, Á;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
blds vfrfjDr pkj vkSj carsor fu;a=d
key gksrh
gSA bu ij Home,
End, PgUp & PgDn fy[kk gksrk gSA
NUMERIC KEY PAD:- Keyboard ds
nkbZ vksj Numeric
key-pad gksrk gS ftlesa calculator tSlh keyes gksrh
gSA buesa ls dqN keyes ds nks dke gksrs gSA
For Exm- 7 Number okyh
key ij
Home Hkh
fy[kk gksrk gSA
Nks
dk;ksZ dks djus okyh key dk switch NUM LOCK key }kjk fu;af=r gksrk gSA tc NumLock gksrk
gS rc ;s lHkh key
Number dh Hkk¡fr dke djrh gSA tc Num Lock of gksrk
gSA rks ;g lHkh key
carsor dh Hkkafr dke djrh gSaA
CAPS LOCK KEY:-bl
key ds
}kjk fdlh Hkh v{kj dks capital esa type djus ds fy, Á;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSaA blds nckus ij v{kj capital esa type gksrk gSaaA v{kj dks
nksckjk lkekU; :Ik esa type djus ds fy, bl key dks nksckjk nck,aA
SHIFT KEY:-Shift Key dks
nck, j[kus ij vkSj mlds ckn Hkh latter key dks nckus ij capital latter type gksrk
gSaA ;fn caps
lock on rks blls mYVk ÁHkko iM+rk gSaA ;kfu v{kj lekU; :Ik
ls type gksxk
A
CTRL & ALT KEY:-dqN
fo’ks”k dk;ksZ ds fy, bu key dks
nqljh key ds
lkFk nckuk gksrk gSaA ftlls computer dqN fo’ks”k dk;Z djrk gSaA tSls Ctrl, Alt, vkSj
Del key dks
,d lkFk nckus ij computer vius lc dk;Z jksddj dqN {k.k ds fy, caUn gks tkrk
gSaA vkSj vius vki nksckjk pkyw gks tkrk gSaA
ENTER/RETURN KEY:-bl key dk bLrseky nks dkeksa ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSaA ;g vkids computer dks lko/kku djrh gSaAfd vkius mls
fuZns’k nsus caUn dj fn, gSaA vkSj vc og funsZ’kks ds vuqlkj dk;Z dks process dj
ldrk gSaA tc computer ij dksbZ word processing program py jgk gSaA rks inter key dks
nckus ij u;k iSjkxzkQ ;k ubZ ykbu ‘kq: gks tkrh gSa
PAUSE KEY:-vxj vki DOS Program esa
dk;Z dj jgsa gSa vkSj vkius dksbZ command nckbZ ftlls lqpuk LØhu
ij ,d ds ckn ,d djds vkus yxs vkSj vki i<+ u ik,a rks pause key dks
nckus ls mldks :dus dk vkns’k ÁkIr gksrk gSaA rkfd vki Ánf’kZr lkexzh dks
i<+ ldsaA tc vki nksckjk ls vkxs dh lqpuk i<+us ds fy, rS;kj gks tk,a rks
vki dksbZ nqljh key
nck ldrs gSaA vkSj lwpuk fQj ls pyuh ‘kq: gks tkrh gSaA ;fn vkids key board ij
pause key ugh
gSa rks S key dks
,d lkFk nck dj blh dke dks dj ldrs gSaA
TAB KEY:-Tab Key Carsor dks
,d ykbu ds lkFk prest
point ;kfu igys ls fuZ/kkfjr txg ys tkrh gSa blds }kjk
iSjkxzkQ tax la[;k
vkfn dks fMtkbu djrs gSa dqN programes esa tab key dks program ds
menu ds
option ls
nqljs potion fd
ys tkus ds fy, Hkh Á;ksx fd;k tkrk gSa A
ESC KEY :-bl
key ds
}kjk ,dne igys ls Áfo”V djkbZ xbZ ,UVªh
;k command
dks jn~ dj ldrs gSaa
PRINT SCREEN KEY :-;fn bl key dks shift key ds
lkFk nck fn;k tk, rks LØhu ij Ánf’kZr lkexzh printer ;k print gks
tkrh gSaA
BACKSPACE KEY:- backspace key ds nckus ls dlZj ,d dSjsDVj ds ihNs vk tkrk gS rFkk
ftl dSjsDVj ij dlZj igys Fkk] og lkQ gks tkrk Gsa
L. E. D. STATUS INDIATOR KEY:-;g ,d NksVk lk cYc
gS]tks key
board ds dqN fo”ks’k key dks nckus ls ty mBrk gS
vkSj ;g ladsr djrk gS fd dqN fo”ks’k key dk Á;ksx gks jgk gS
¼mnk0
ds fy, ;fn ge CAPS
LOCK key dks nck, rks dSIlykd baMhdsVj ty mBsxk vkSj ladsr
nsxk fd vkids lkjs v{kj dSfiVy esa Vkbi gksaxsA½
TYPES OF
KEYBOARD :- KEYBORD fuEufyf[k nks izdkj ds
gksrs gSA]]
1:-GANARAL KEY BOARD
2:-MULTIMEDIA KEY BOARD
GANARAL KEY BOARD dk
vdkj MULTIMEDIA
KEY BOARD ls NksVk gksrk gSA ,oa lqfo/kk es de gksrk gSAGANARAL KEY BOARD dh
la[;k 101-ysdj 141 rd gksrh gSA aMULTIMEDIA KEY BOARD esa
vPPNk lqfo/kk vkSj FUNCTION
ds vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k KEY dh la[;k cny tkrh gSA
HINDI KEY BOARD:-;g buiqV dk ,d lkekU; ijUrq vR;Ur lqfo/kk tud yksd fiz; vkSj egRoiq.kZ
gSA izdkj.k gSA bl ij vusd cVu ;k dqaft;k yxh gksrh gSA ftUgs nckdj ge dksbZ
vkns’k ;k MkVk Hkst ldrs gSA Bhd mlh rjg ftl izdkj fdlh Vkbi jkbV ij Vkbi fd;k
tkrk gSA lkekU;r% ge tks dqN Hkh Vkbi dkrs gSA og dEI;wVj ds ekWfuVj ij
iznf’kZr gksrkgSA tc lqpuk rS;kj gks
tkrh gSA rks lkekU;r% ge ,d fo’ks”k dqath
ls ml lqpuk dk fizaV Hkh izkIr dj ldrs gSA
MOUSE:-fdlh
&fdlh ilZuy dEI;wVj es KEY BOARD ds lkFk buiqV dk ,d vkSj lk/ku gksrk gSA ftls MOUSE dgrs
gSA ;g ,d gkFk ls idMs tkus okyk ,d NksVk lk fMCck gksrkgSa tks ,d yEcs rkj ds
}kjk flLVe ;wfuV ls tqMk gksrk gSaA bldh lgk;rk ls dhcksMZ dk iz;ksx fd;s fcuk
vki vius ih0 lh0 dks dUVªksy dj ldrs gSa
ekml ,d lery leg ij j[kk tkrk gSA ftls ekml iSM dges gSa ekml dks gkFk ls id³ dj f[kldk;k tkrk gSA
ftls ;g dk;Z dkrk gSA ekml ds mijh lrg ij rhu cVu gksrs gSa T;knrj ge ck;s cVu
dk iz;ksx djrs gSA ijaUrq dqN izksxzke es nk;s cVu dk iz;kx gksrk gSA izksxzke ds vuqlkj ;k rks ge fdlh cVu dks nckd NksM nsrs gSa ;k
nck;s gq, Mªsx djrsa gSaA
Mouse dk fo’ks”k fpUg moniter ds screen ij Ánf’kZr gksrk gSaA ftls carsor dgk tkrk gSaamouse
fuEufyf[kr
Ádkj dk gksrk gSA
1.PS2
2.USB
Lkqfo/kk ds vk/kkj ij mouse nks Ádkj dk gksrk gSaA tks fuEufyf[kr Ádkj dk gksrk gSaA
1.Ball set mouse
2.Optical mouse
SCANNER:-Scanner ,d ,Slk lk/ku gSaA tks photograph ds ÁfrfoEc ;k fyf[kr Áek.k dks computer es Hkst nsrk gSaA ;g photo copy machin dh rjg dk;Z djrk gSaaA vUrj flQZ ;g gSa fd paper ij copy djus txg computer esa copy djrk gS vkSj mlh esa store
dj nsrk gSaA Sacnner eq[;r% nks Ádkj dk gksrk gSaA
Image Sacnner
Voice Scanner
IMAGE
SCANNER:-bl Ádkj ds Sacnner dk Á;ksx fdlh Hkh Ádkj ds image esa Direct Input djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSaA
VOICE
SCANNER:-bl Scanner dk Á;ksx viuh vkokt dks computer esa Hkst dj mls lod dj
ldrs gSa
ELECTRIC
PEN:-;g Hkh mouse dh
rjg pointing divice gksrk gSA ijUrq nksuksa dh
Á;ksx fof/k esa dkQh varj gksrk gSA bls monitor ds vkxs touch djkdj Á;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSaA
OUTPUT UNIT
MONITOR:- bls Visual Display Unit Hkh dgk tkrk gSA Monitor dk eq[; dk;Z System
Unit ds vUnj
ekStwn fdlh Information dks Output djds Á;ksxdŸkkZ rd igq¡rk gSA
Monitor ds Screen ifj.kke :Fkk;h :i ls
Ánf’kZr ugha gksrs gSA D;ksfd fctyh can djus ls ;k Computer }kjk vkSj fdlh dk;Z dks djus ij ifj.kke Screen ls lekIr gks tkrs gSaA vyx vyx dEifu;ks }kjk
fofHUu Ádkj ds moniter market esa ÁLrqr fd;s x;s gSaatks fuEufyf[kr gSaA
1.
Monocrom Moniter
2.
Colour Moniter(CRT)
3.
T.F.T Moniter
4.
L.C.D.Moniter
5.
L.E.D Moniter
6.
LED 3D Monitor
MONOCROM
MONITER:-;g Blacken White gksrk gSaA bldk vf/kdre
vdkj 14-15 bap rd dk gksrk gSaA
C.R.T Cathod Ray Tube
COLOURE
MONITER:-;g Moniter ogqjaxh; gksrk gSaAbl moniter dk vf/kdre vkdkj 15-17 bap rd dk gksrk gSaA
T.F.T
MONITER:-T.F.T.
Moniter ,d slim moniter gksrk gSa A;g moniter
cgqr de mtkZ
dh [kir dŸkkZ gSa bl moniter dk vf/kdre vdkj 15-22 bap
rd dk gksrk gSa
L.C.D
MONITER:-;g moniter Hkh TFT dh Hkkafr slim gksrk gSaa ijUrq bldh Display Quality TFT Moniter ls csgrj gksrh gSaa
bl moniter dk vf/kdre vkdkj 15-40 bap rd dk gksrk gSa
L.E.D
MONITER:-Moniter ds {ks= esa ;g u;h rdfud
gSaA ;g Power dh [kir uk
L.E.D 3D
MONITER:-Moniter ds {ks= esa ;g u;h rdfud
gSaA ;g Power dh [kir uk
PRINTER:-Printer ,d ,Slk lk/ku gSaA tks fdlh Hkh Document dks paper ij print out dj ldrk gSaA computer
ij Document cukus ds ckn vki mls direct print ij Hkst ldrs gSaA
ftls ge vf/kdre print out dgrs gSaA print
dh xrh dks ge
i`”B/feo ;k v{kj/lsds.M esa ekirs gSaA
Printer fHkUu fHkUu vkdkj NikbZ rdfudh okys gksrs gSA dqN lekU;r%
Á;ksx gksus okys Printer fuEufyf[kr gksrs gSaA
Dot Matrix Printer
Line Printer
Inkject Printer
Laser Printer
DOT
MATRIX PRINTER:- Dotmatrix
Printer ,d&,d
v{kj Print djrk gSA blfy, bls Character Printer Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl Printer esa
Printhead ckj&ckj Printer esa
yxs Page ds mij yxrk gSA ftls Print dh xfr dqN de gks tkrh gSA bl Printer dh
Printing Quality csgrj ugha gksrh gSA bl Printer dk T;knkrj Á;ksx ljdkjh fctyh foHkkx esa fd;k tkrk
gSA fctyh dk fcy cukus] jsyos dk fVdV Printout djus bR;kfn dk;ksZ ds fy,
;g Printer loksZPp gksrk gSA vf/kdrj Dotmatrix Printer 360 Character dh xfr ls Print djrk gSA
LINE
PRINTER:- Lineprinter
line Second dh
xfr ls Print djrk gSA blfy, tgk¡ cgqr
lh tkudkjh Print djuh gks ogk¡ ;s Printer cgqr gh mi;ksxh fl) gksrs gSA blds Printing Quality Dotmatrix Printer ls csgrj gksrh gSA bl Printer lcls cM+h deh ;g gS fd Line Printer Graphics dks Print
ugha dj ldrk
gS
INKJET
PRINTER:- Inkjet Printer Printing
ds dk;Z ds
fy, ,slh rduhd dk Á;ksx djrk gSA tks ge Dotmatrix
Printer esa
yxkrs gSA dsoy Printer head esa ihu dh txg cgqr lkjs Microscopic fNznz gksrs gSA bu fNnzks ls ink ckgj fudyrk gSA tks paper
ij v{kj cukrk
gSA ;g Printer Printing ds dk;Z ds fy, loksZPp
gksrk gSaA vkSj bldh Printing Quality
Laser Printer ds
leku gksrh gSaA
LASER
PRINTER:-Laser
Printer Computer ds
Printing Teckhnology esa loksZŸke gksrs gSaA
ysfdu bldh fder lcls vf/kd gksrs gSaA
Laser Printer ,d
Photoscopic Machin dh Hkk¡fr fn[kkbZ nsrk
gSaa ;g ,d photo copy ls bl Ádkj fHkUu gSa fd ,d
Photo Graphy djus ds ctk, vkd`fr cukus
ds fy, Laser Limb dk Á;ksx djrk gSaaA
Laser Printer Page ij Minete dh xfr ls Print djrk gSaA;g Printer csgrj fdLe ds Print out fudkyrs gSaA vf/kDrj bl xfr ls 4 ls 12 i`”V 1 feuV
esa gksrh gSaaA
EXTRA
MEMORY UNIT:-Computer ds vUnj memory data esa LFkkbZ :Ik esa lqjf{kr ugh gksrk gSaa vr% Data dks LFkkbZ :Ik ls lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, computer esa vfrfjDr memory
yxkbZ tkrh
gSaA bl unit ds :Ik esa dbZ ek/;e Á;ksx
gksrs gSaa
HARD DISK
:- bldk Á;ksx MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gS bldh Speed cgqr rst gksrh gSA ;g Metal /kkrq dk cuk gksus ds dkj.k cgqr Hard gksrk gSA bl fMLd dh Store Capcity 40 Gb - 12 Tb rd gksrh gSaA ;g flLVe
;wfuV ds vUnj LFkk;h :i ls yxk gksrk gSA
FLOPHY
DISK :-Flophy
Disk esa
lqpuk Store djus ds fy, Computer esa disk bLrseky gksrs gSaaaA ;|fi Computer esa ,d LFkk;h Hard
Disk Hkh
gksrs gSaA ysfdu vki ,d computer esa Data dks LFkkUrfjr djus ds fy, flophy
disk dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Hard disk esa lafpr lqpuk dks flophy disk esa
ij dkih dj ldrs gSaA vkSj ;fn dkj.k Ckl vkidh hard disk [kjkCk
gks tkrs rks vki lqpuk dks [kjkCk gksus ls Ckpk ldrs gSaA flophy disk eq[;r% nks lkbtks es Cktkj esa feyrk gSaA 5-25 bap flophy
disk dh storage capacity 1.22 mb ,oa 3.5 bap flophy dh storeg capacity 1.44MB gksrk gSA
Flophy disk esa store
data dks read/write djus ds fy, ,d fNnz gksrk gSaA tgk¡ ls flophy es store
data dks read/write fd;k tk ldrk gSaA
COMPACT
DISK :- ;g fo’ks”k izdkj dh disk gkrh gSA ftl ij iz;% data
,d Ckkj fy[kk
tkrk gSaA vkSj mls ftrfu Ckkj pkgs mrfu Ckkj read ;k
write fd;k tk ldrk gSA
;g ,d izdkj fd read only memory gkrh gSA bles izk;% ,slh lqpuk, store dh tkrh gSA tks LFkk;h gksA
Example:- telephone directries books film songs etc
bldh storeg capacity 100MB gksrh gS bls optical disk dgk
tkrk gS bles store data dks read/write djus ds fy, laser
light dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSa A
MAIGNETIC
TAPE :- ;g Device lekU;r% Main Frame,Mini Computer esa iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSaA bl ij cgqr gh cM+s vkdkj es MkVk dks ,df=r fd;k tk ldrk gSaA bl Device dh lcls cM+h [kjkch ;g gSaA fd blesa MkVk
fjdkfMZxa dk dk;Z cgqr gh /khjs xfr es gksrk gSaA
SYSTEM
UNIT
okLro esa ;g Hkkx gh eq[; dEI;wVj gksrk gSa A gekjs }kjk bu
iqV fd;s x;s leLr MkVk dks çkslsls djds lqpuk ds tkrk gSa Abl ;wfuV ds vUrxZr
vkus okys Hkkx fuEufyf[kr gksrs gSa A
M.U.{Memory
Unit}
ftl çdkj ge viuh Le`fr esa
cgqr lh ckrsa ;kn j[krs gSa A mlh çdkj dEI;wVj ds ftl Hkkx es MkVk çksxzke
j[ksa tkrs gSa A mls dEI;wVj dh eseksjh dgrs gSa Agkykfd euq”; ds efLr”d vkSj
dEI;wVj dh eseksjh es cgqr vUrj gSa AdEI;wVj dh eseksjh yk[kksa NksVs&2
[kkuks es cVh gksrh gSa A,Sls çR;sd [kkus dks Bite dgk
tkrk gSa A dEI;wVj esa Hkjk tkus okyk MkVk 0 vkSj 1 ds :Ik es gkstk gS A vkSj
blh :Ik es ge dke djrs gSa Adk;Z djus ds rjhds dks Binary System dgk tkrk gSa A dEI;wVj dh eseksjh nks çdkj dh
gksrh gSa A
1.
ROM
2.
RAM
1-ROM :- ROM dk iqjk uke Read Only
Memory gSa A ;g eseksjh dEI;wVj
dh eq[; eseksjh gksrh gSa Abl eseksjh es MkVk dEI;wVj ds dk;Z ds vk/kkj ij
dEI;wVj fuekZ.k ds le; LVksj fd;s tkrs gSa A tks dEI;wVj booting ds le; fd;k tkrk gSa A
2- RAM :- RAM dk iqjk uke Random Access
Memory gSaA
;g eseksjh dEI;wVj dh eseksjh dk og Hkkx gSa Aftlesa ç;ksxdrkZ
}kjk dk;Z djus ds nkSjku MkVk LVksj fd;s tkrs gSa Abl eseksjh dh Qulity ;g gSa A fd dEIwVj dh
ikoj lIykbZ vkQW gksrs gh blesa j[ksa MkVk lekIr gks tkrs gSaA
CONTROL
UNIT
Control memory computer esa input
fd;s tkusa
okys MkVk dks fu;af=r djus dk dk;Z djrh gS ftlls gekjs computer ds dk;Z djus dh xfr ij gekjs }kjk input fd;s x;s MkVk dk dksbZ ÁHkko
ugh gksrk gSA
ARITHMATIC
AND LOGICAL UNIT
System unit dk ;g Hkkx processor
dk gksrk gSA
gekjs }kjk
Input fd;s x;s leLr MkVk bl Hkkx esa gh process gksdj lwpuk ds :i esa ifjofrZr gksrs gSA
vkt dy cktkj esa processor
Pentium vk/kkj ij miyC/k gSA blh ds vk/kkj ij computer dh speed dk irk pyrk gSA
NUMBER
SYSTEM
gekjs }kjk fd;s tkus okys
fofHkUu Ádkj ds xf.kfr; x.kukvks ij vk/kfjr dk;Z number system ds
vUrxZr vkrs gSA ;s number system fuEu pkj Ádkj ds gksrs gSA
01:- Binary Number System
02:- Decimal Number System
03:- Octal Number System
04:- Hexa Number System
BINARY
NUMBER SYSTEM
Computer 0 vkSj 1 fd Hkk”kk le>rk gSA vkSj bUgh vadks ij
dk;Z djrk gSA 0 o 1 ls feydj cuh la[;k dks Binary
Number dgrs
gSA blesa 0-1 dqy nks vad gksrs gSA blfy, bldk Base 2 gksrk
gSA
DEIMAL
NUMBER SYSTEM
ge tks Number Number System dgrs gSA 0&9 rd dqy 10 Number gksrs gSA blfy, bldk Base 10 gksrk gSA System Á;ksx djrs gSA mls Desimal
CONVERT
BINERY NUMBER TO DESIMAL NUMBER:-
;fn fn x;h la[;k Binery esa gSA vkSj mls Desimal Number esa
cnuk gSA rks nh x;h la[;k ds ÁR;sd in dks vkil esa tksM+rs gSA rRri’pkr rS;kj
gq, lehdj.k ij Power ‘kqU; ls vuUr (0-00) rd ys tkrs gSA rS;kj gq, lehdj.k dks gy djds Binery Number ls Desimal
Number ÁkIr
dj ysrs gSA
EXAMPLE:- (11011)2=(?)10
(11011)2= 1*24+1*23+1*21+1*20
=1*16+1*8+1*4+0*2+1*1
=16+8+4+0+1
=(29)10
CONVERT
DESIMAL NUMBER TO BINARY NUMBER
;fn nh x;h la[;k Mslhey
uEcj esa gSA vkSj mls ckbujh uEcj esa cnyuk gSaA rks nh x;h la[;k esa 2 ls Hkkx
nsrs gSaA vkSj ‘ks”kQy dks nkfgusa rjQ uksV djrs gSaA ;g fØ;k rc rd nksgjkrs
gSa tcrd fd nh x;h la[;k nks ls de u gks tk;A rRi’pkr ‘ks”kQy dks uhps ls mij
dh rjQ uksV djds ckbujh uEcj ls Mslhey uEcj ÁkIr dj ldrs gSaA
EXAMPLE:- (34)10………..(?)2
|
2
|
34
|
  0 |
|
2
|
17
|
1
|
|
2
|
8
|
0
|
|
2
|
4
|
0
|
|
2
|
2
|
0
|
|
|
1
|
1
|
(100010)2………………(34)10
UNIT OF MEMORY
8 Bite = 1 Byte
1024 Byte = 1 Kilo Byte
1024 Kilo Byte = 1 Mega Byte
1024 Mega Byte = 1 Giga Byte
1024 Giga Bite = 1 Tera Byte
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE :-
HARDWARE:- COMPUTER
ds os lHkh
Hkkx ftUgs ge ns[k ldrs gSa] gkMZos;j dgykrs gSaA dEI;wVj ds lHkh ikVZ~l pkgs
og dEI;wVj ds ckgj gks ] tSls &Key
Board , Moniter vFkok
fHkrjh gksa] tSls& Memory Chip ,
Micro Processor vkfn
gkMZos;j dgykrs gSaA
SOFTWARE:- Computer
dk vn`’; Hkkx lkW¶Vos;j dgykrk gSaA nwljs ‘kCnks esa ;g dg ldrs
gS fd Ákxzke dks gh lkW¶Vos;j dgk tkrk gSA tks dEI;wVj ds fHkrj jgdj gekjs }kjk
fn;s x;s okaf{kr dk;Z dEI;wVj ds gkMZos;j Hkkxksa dks lapkfyr djds lEiUu djork
gSA
Software
eq[; #i ls
nks Ádkj dk gksrk gSA
1:- System software:- og Áksxzke tks gekjs dEI;wVj flLVe dks pykus esa enn djrk gS
,oa Á;ksx drkZ }kjk fn;s x;s funsZ’kksa dks dEI;wVj rd ig¡qpkrk gSA vkSj
dEI;wVj ls Áklsl gksdj vk;s gq, lwpuk dks Á;ksx drkZ rd ys tkus dk dk;Z djrk
gS] flLVe lkW¶Vos;j dgykrk gSA gekjs }kjk Á;ksx fd;s tkus okyk vkijsfVax flLVe
] flLVe lkW¶Vos;j gksrk gSA
2:- Application Software:- gekjs okLrfod dk;ksZa dks djus ds fy, ftl
lkW¶Vos;j dk Á;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA mls vIyhds’ku lkW¶Vos;j dgrs gSA bl lkW¶Vos;j
dk Á;ksx osru dh x.kuk djuk ] ysu nsu dk fglkc j[kuk bR;kfn dk;ksZa ds fy,
Á;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bl lkW¶Vos;j ds :i es Á;ksx fd;s tkus okys Áksxzke MsWord , Ms Excel , Ms Powerpoint , Ms Access,Tally, bR;kfn gksrs gSaA
MODEM :- vkids dEI;wVj esa tks MkVk
Hkjk gksrk gSA og ckbujh esa gksrk gSA vFkkZr 0 vkSj 1 ls cuk gkSrk gSA bldks
vki lkekU; dsfcyks esa gksdj ,d dEI;wVj ls ikl es gh yxs nwljs dEI;wVj rd
vklkuh ls vkSj lqjf{kr :I ls Hkst ldrs gSA ijUrq mls dkQh nqj rd ds dEI;wVj rd
ugh Hkst ldrs gSA tc ge dks dksbz MkVk nqj Hkstuk gksrk gSA rks ekWMy dk mi;ksx
djuk iM+rk gSA ekWMy ,d e’khu gSA tks
dEI;wVj es Hkjs ckbZujh MkVk dks ,Sls flXuyks esa cny nsrk gSA tks VsfyQksu
rkjks ls gksdj lSdM+ks fdyksfeVj nqj rd yxs gq,
dEI;wVj rd Hkh Hksts tk ldrs gSA lkFk gh ;g nqj yxs dEI;wVj ls vkus okys
ladsrks dks idM+dj mUgs ckbujh MkVk esa leidZ cukus ds fy, nksuks dEI;wVjks ds
lkFk ,d&2 ekWMy Hkh yxk;k tkrk gSA ekWMy dk Á;ksx vusd dk;ksZ esa fd;k tkrk
gSAtSls&E-Mail, Banking, Railay,
Internet ,ETC,EkkWMe
}kjk MkVk Hkstus ds ,oe~ ÁkIr djus dh xfr dks fdyksckbV Áfr lsds.M esa ekih
tkrh gSA vktdy 19-2 fdyksckbV Áfr lsds.M ls ysdj 56-6 fdyksckbV Áfr lsds.M rd
xfr ds ekWMe Ápyu esa gSA
IMPORTANT WORD SORT NAME, FULL NAME :-
CPU
|
Central
Processing Unit
|
CU
|
Cotrol
Unit
|
MU
|
Memory
Unit
|
ALU
|
Arith
Metic Logic Unit
|
IBM
|
International
Business Machine
|
IC
|
Integrated
Circuite
|
VGA
|
Video
Graphic Adaptor
|
VDU
|
Visual
Display Unit
|
DMP
|
Dot Matrix
Printer
|
SMPS
|
Switch
Mode Power Supply
|
UPS
|
Unit Power
Supply
|
CRT
|
Cathode
Ray Tube
|
TFT
|
Thin Film
Transistor
|
USB
|
Universal
Serial Bus
|
WWW
|
World Wide
Web
|
HTTP
|
Hiper Text
Terminal Protocol
|
SIMM
|
Sequential
In Module Memory
|
GB
|
Giga Byte
|
KB
|
Kilo Byte
|
TB
|
Tera Byte
|
CD
|
Compact
Disk
|
DVD
|
Digital
Versatile Disk
|
RAM
|
Random
Access Memory
|
ROM
|
Read Only
Memory
|
LAN
|
Local Area
Network
|
XP
|
Expert
|
PC
|
Personal
Computer
|
DOS
|
Disk
Operating System
|
TCS
|
Tax
Collected Source
|
VAT
|
Value
Added Tx
|
DTP
|
Desk Top
Publication
|
TDS
|
Text
Detected At Source
|
WAN
|
Wide Aera
Network
|
OMR
|
Optical
Mark Reader
|
TCP
|
Tranfer
Control Protocol
|
IP
|
Internet
Protocol
|
BCR
|
Barcode
Reader
|
MICR
|
Magnetic
Inc Character Recognization
|
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